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FIP-101: Guide for Indexer Operators

This guide serves only as a reference for users.

FIP-101 Public Testing Stage 2 is scheduled to activate at block 1,844,640.

Before Stage 2 goes live, developers and indexer operators can start deploying index nodes, registering indexers, and testing staking and reward distribution workflows to familiarize themselves with the process and prepare for activation.

📌 Please note that indexers deployed and operated before Stage 2 officially activates will not receive rewards. Early deployment is intended for testing and preparation purposes only.

What Is an Indexer Operator

An Indexer Operator is responsible for running a Fractal node and the open-source indexer, periodically submitting block proofs to the indexing coordinator, and receiving the operator's share of rewards from the coordinator. Staking users can choose your node to participate in staking. When your node submits valid proofs and has a higher staking amount, it will receive a higher weight in the reward distribution for the corresponding blocks.

Deploy Fractal Node & Lightweight Indexer

You can refer to the resources below to deploy your own node and configure your commission rate, reward wallet, and proof submission settings. Deploy the full indexing service using the open-source repositories:

The operator must ensure that:

  • The Fractal node remains properly synced

  • brc20 / stake related indexed data is continuously updated

  • Proofs are submitted within the valid window

  • The reward receiving address and the owner wallet are properly secured

  • The reward receiving address must maintain a sufficient FB balance to pay gas fees

Submit Proofs

Valid proofs are periodic runtime proofs submitted by an indexer. Only indexers that pass verification can participate in reward distribution.

You can refer to the following link for proof submission: https://github.com/fractal-bitcoin/fractal-indexer-deploy/tree/main/proof-publisher

Indexers are expected to submit valid proof within 100 blocks.

Late submission penalty

If proof submission is delayed:

• The indexer's effective stake share decreases by 10% for every additional 100-block delay. This will affect effective stake share and thereby rewards for each staking participant for this specific indexer.

• Rewards decay to 0 after 1,000 blocks

Indexer Details Management

Visit https://index-mining-beta.fractalbitcoin.io/, connect your deployment address, switch to the Indexer Operator role, and then view your indexer information, stake addresses, commission settings, proof submission status, and Operation History.

At the same time, make sure to check whether the deployment information is displayed correctly.

Indexer Commission Rules

Commission is the percentage of an index operator's allocated FB staking rewards that is charged by the index operator as a fee.

• Indexers can set their commission rate between 0% and 15%

Commission changes:

• Commission changes take effect after 7 days

• Once a commission change is submitted, no further changes can be made until the pending change takes effect

Reward Allocation Rules & Settlement

Only indexers that submit valid proofs for the allocated block can participate in reward allocation. Index Mining rewards are generated block by block and distributed according to effective staking shares.

Public Testing Reward Release Schedule

Rewards during Public Testing will follow the official Index Mining mechanism, allocation and settlement rules, and the block reward of 25 FB per block. However, to keep the rollout stable, rewards will follow a linear release schedule — the proportion of each block reward distributed will gradually increase over time, eventually reaching 100%. This means:

  • Stage 1: 30% -> 60%, increasing by 7.5% each week

  • Stage 2: 60% -> 100%, increasing by 10% each week

  • 100% release will be reached on 2026-07-09

The following estimates are based on approximately 960 Index Mining blocks per day.

Reward Allocation

For the indexer operator, for each successful submission, block rewards are calculated and allocated to each indexer after a settlement window based on their effective stake share. The rewards for each indexer is split between the Operator and the Staker. Indexer Operators will get a share of the rewards as Commission, with the commission rate set individually by each indexer. Stakers will get rewards proportional to their staking amount.

For stake participants, after users stake FB, they do not receive a fixed yield. Instead, they participate in Index Mining block reward distribution based on the operating status of the corresponding Indexer, the user's effective staking share within that Indexer, and the Indexer's effective share of total network staking.

User Reward = Block Released Reward x (Indexer Effective Stake / Total Network Effective Stake) x (1 - Indexer Commission Rate) x (User's Stake / This Indexer's Raw Total Stake)

For more details on rewards allocation, please refer to FIP-101: Rewards Allocation

Reward Settlement Cycle

To avoid reward calculation errors caused by block rollbacks or indexing errors, Index Mining rewards are not claimable immediately after they are generated.

  • Index Mining rewards enter the reward calculation scope 1,000 blocks after the relevant block is produced.

  • They become claimable 20,160 blocks after the relevant block is produced, or approximately 7 days.

Notes

  • No security deposit is required, but invalid proofs do not participate in reward distribution for the corresponding block

  • The owner address and the reward address have different responsibilities; do not confuse them after registration

  • The stability of proof submission directly affects reward eligibility

  • The current implementation may differ from the operational rules during the testing period; development and external communication should distinguish between the current implementation and the testing plan

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