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  • What are Runes?
  • Runes unlock table
  • Benefits of the rune protocol
  • Limitations of Runes
  • Innovate with these Token Standards on Fractal
  1. User Guides

How to Interact with Runes?

PreviousHow to use the Bool Bridge?NextHow to Etch Runes?

Last updated 7 months ago

Back in 2023, Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor introduced Runes, a new protocol aimed at expanding the Bitcoin ecosystem. Known for his work on Ordinals, Rodarmor took a different approach with Runes. In his own words, "," signaling that the protocol was designed with a lighter, more playful spirit compared to traditional Bitcoin projects.

What are Runes?

The Runes protocol was activated at Bitcoin’s 4th halving, around 840,000 blocks. Unlike Ordinals, Runes brings a fresh approach to how assets and tokens can be integrated into Bitcoin’s ecosystem.

To grasp the significance of Runes, it is essential to understand several key concepts integral to Bitcoin's broader ecosystem.

  • Sats: Short for satoshis, these are the smallest divisible units of Bitcoin, often minted at specific times. They represent a foundational element of Bitcoin's value system.

  • Inscriptions: According to the , “inscriptions inscribe sats with arbitrary content, creating bitcoin-native digital artifacts, more commonly known as NFTs. Inscriptions do not require a sidechain or separate token.”.

  • Ordinals: A system that assigns unique serial numbers to individual satoshis (the smallest unit of Bitcoin), allowing users to track and differentiate between specific sats.

Runes unlock table

Runenames Unlock Schedule
Estimated Date
Start Block
End Block

12-26 characters

Oct 07 2024

84,000

259,000

11 characters

December 6, 2024

259,000

434,000

10 characters

February 5, 2025

434,000

609,000

9 characters

April 7, 2025

609,000

784,000

8 characters

June 7, 2025

784,000

959,000

7 characters

August 6, 2025

959,000

1,134,000

6 characters

October 6, 2025

1,134,000

1,309,000

5 characters

December 6, 2025

1,309,000

1,484,000

4 characters

February 5, 2026

1,484,000

1,659,000

3 characters

April 6, 2026

1,659,000

1,834,000

2 characters

June 6, 2026

1,834,000

2,009,000

1 character

August 6, 2026

2,009,000

2,184,000

Benefits of the rune protocol

Efficiency

  • Avoids creating unspendable UTXOs.

  • The OP_RETURN opcode consumes only 80 bytes compared to 4MB for BRC-20.

  • Allows for better compression compared to using BRC-20’s JSON on blockspace.

  • Allows open minting within terms set by the etcher.

Liquidity

  • Attracts high-risk investors from other platforms to Bitcoin.

  • Boosts transaction fee revenue on the Bitcoin network for miners.

Simplicity

  • Enables the issuance of native fungible tokens on Bitcoin.

  • Promotes innovation in the Bitcoin ecosystem.

  • Operates entirely on-chain, avoiding the need for off-chain complexities.

Limitations of Runes

While Runes have generated significant excitement, it's important to approach them with caution, as the focus so far seems more centered on short-term interest rather than proven long-term utility.

However, the protocol may still hold untapped potential. As the ecosystem evolves, new innovations could reveal meaningful use cases, allowing Runes to contribute to Bitcoin’s ongoing development.

Innovate with these Token Standards on Fractal

Runes are currently live, and by extension, can also be implemented on Fractal.

Fractal Bitcoin encourages such innovations, pushing the limits of what Bitcoin can accomplish. As an innovation playground for developers, Fractal is dedicated to fostering a continuously evolving ecosystem of standards and applications.

Disclaimer: Runes, BRC 20, and Ordinals are not affiliated with Fractal. This blog post is for informational purposes only, and intended to help users understand the technology. Readers and community members are advised to do their own research before engaging with any projects or technologies mentioned. Fractal assumes no responsibility for any decisions made based on this information.

Since its introduction, the daily etching of Runes has experienced a decline following an initial surge of interest. More insights on this trend can be explored via the Rune Dune .

Building Runes on Fractal? Refer to our .

Building BRC20 on Fractal? Refer to our .

Runes were built for degens and memecoin
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