How to Interact with Runes?

Back in 2023, Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor introduced Runes, a new protocol aimed at expanding the Bitcoin ecosystem. Known for his work on Ordinals, Rodarmor took a different approach with Runes. In his own words, "Runes were built for degens and memecoin," signaling that the protocol was designed with a lighter, more playful spirit compared to traditional Bitcoin projects.

What are Runes?

The Runes protocol was activated at Bitcoin’s 4th halving, around 840,000 blocks. Unlike Ordinals, Runes brings a fresh approach to how assets and tokens can be integrated into Bitcoin’s ecosystem.

To grasp the significance of Runes, it is essential to understand several key concepts integral to Bitcoin's broader ecosystem.

• Sats: Short for satoshis, these are the smallest divisible units of Bitcoin, often minted at specific times. They represent a foundational element of Bitcoin's value system.

• Inscriptions: According to the Ordinal Theory Handbook, “inscriptions inscribe sats with arbitrary content, creating bitcoin-native digital artifacts, more commonly known as NFTs. Inscriptions do not require a sidechain or separate token.”.

• Ordinals: A system that assigns unique serial numbers to individual satoshis (the smallest unit of Bitcoin), allowing users to track and differentiate between specific sats.

Runes unlock table

Runenames Unlock Schedule	Estimated Date	Start Block	End Block
12-26 characters	Oct 07 2024	84,000	259,000
11 characters	December 6, 2024	259,000	434,000
10 characters	February 5, 2025	434,000	609,000
9 characters	April 7, 2025	609,000	784,000
8 characters	June 7, 2025	784,000	959,000
7 characters	August 6, 2025	959,000	1,134,000
6 characters	October 6, 2025	1,134,000	1,309,000
5 characters	December 6, 2025	1,309,000	1,484,000
4 characters	February 5, 2026	1,484,000	1,659,000
3 characters	April 6, 2026	1,659,000	1,834,000
2 characters	June 6, 2026	1,834,000	2,009,000
1 character	August 6, 2026	2,009,000	2,184,000

Benefits of the rune protocol

Efficiency

• Avoids creating unspendable UTXOs.

• The OP_RETURN opcode consumes only 80 bytes compared to 4MB for BRC-20.

• Allows for better compression compared to using BRC-20’s JSON on blockspace.

• Allows open minting within terms set by the etcher.

Liquidity

• Attracts high-risk investors from other platforms to Bitcoin.

• Boosts transaction fee revenue on the Bitcoin network for miners.

Simplicity

• Enables the issuance of native fungible tokens on Bitcoin.

• Promotes innovation in the Bitcoin ecosystem.

• Operates entirely on-chain, avoiding the need for off-chain complexities.

Limitations of Runes

Since its introduction, the daily etching of Runes has experienced a decline following an initial surge of interest. More insights on this trend can be explored via the Rune Dune dashboard here.

While Runes have generated significant excitement, it's important to approach them with caution, as the focus so far seems more centered on short-term interest rather than proven long-term utility.

However, the protocol may still hold untapped potential. As the ecosystem evolves, new innovations could reveal meaningful use cases, allowing Runes to contribute to Bitcoin’s ongoing development.

Innovate with these Token Standards on Fractal

Runes are currently live, and by extension, can also be implemented on Fractal.

Fractal Bitcoin encourages such innovations, pushing the limits of what Bitcoin can accomplish. As an innovation playground for developers, Fractal is dedicated to fostering a continuously evolving ecosystem of standards and applications.

Building Runes on Fractal? Refer to our resources here.

Building BRC20 on Fractal? Refer to our resources here.

Disclaimer: Runes, BRC 20, and Ordinals are not affiliated with Fractal. This blog post is for informational purposes only, and intended to help users understand the technology. Readers and community members are advised to do their own research before engaging with any projects or technologies mentioned. Fractal assumes no responsibility for any decisions made based on this information.